Apakah kamu bingung dengan Tata Bahasa Bahasa Inggris (English Grammar), terutama dengan Tenses Bahasa Inggris (English Tenses)???
Bagi kita yang bukan penutur asli Bahasa Inggris, memang ke-16 tenses Bahasa Inggris dapat menjadi hal yang sulit untuk dipahami. Ada banyak peraturan dan juga pengecualian dalam tenses Bahasa Inggris. Namun, bukan berarti kita tak dapat menguasainya! Berikut adalah rangkuman dari ke-16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris dan tips belajar bahasa inggris untuk menguasainya.
Simple Present Tense
| Rumus | Subject + Verb 1 (present form) |
| Kata Sinyal | always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom |
| Kalimat Positif | He always works very hard in the company |
| Kalimat Negatif | He does not work very hard in the company. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Does he work very hard in the company? Yes, he does. / No, he does not. |
Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Baca Juga: Simple Present Tense
Present Continuous Tense| Rumus | Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (continuous form) |
| Kata Sinyal | at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen!, Look! |
| Kalimat Positif | Look! He is talking with his classmates. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He is not playing computer games now. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Is he playing computer games at the moment? Yes, he is. / No, he is not. |
Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa depan.
Baca Juga: Present Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Tense| Rumus | Subject + has/have+ Verb III (past participle form) |
| Kata Sinyal | already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now |
| Kalimat Positif | He has already finished his homework. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He has not been to Australia so far. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Has he completed the arrangement for the coming event up to now? Yes, he has. / No, he has not. |
Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih sedang berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.
Baca Juga: Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense| Rumus | Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form) |
| Kata Sinyal | for the past 5 years, how long …?, the whole week, since xxxx |
| Kalimat Positif | He has been working here since 1996. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He has not been speaking for the last 3 hours. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Has he been playing the computer game all day? Yes, he has. / No, he has not. |
Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.
Simple Past Tense| Rumus | Subject + Verb II (past form) |
| Kata Sinyal | yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996, last Thursday, this morning |
| Kalimat Positif | Last year, he always worked until night. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He did not go to school this morning. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Did he pay the bill yesterday? Yes, he did. / No, he did not. |
Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau.
Baca Juga: Simple Past Tense
Past Continuous Tense| Rumus | Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb -ing (continuous form) |
| Kata Sinyal | when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday |
| Kalimat Positif | He was speaking when I entered in room. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday? Yes, he was. / No, he was not. |
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous tense.
Baca Juga: Past Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Tense| Rumus | Subject + HAD + Verb III (past participle form) |
| Kata Sinyal | before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day |
| Kalimat Positif | He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He had not been a high school student until last year. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Had he entered the company before he achieved his master degree in 1990? Yes, he had. / No, he had not. |
Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.
Baca Juga: Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense| Rumus | Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form) |
| Kata Sinyal | for, since, the whole day, all day |
| Kalimat Positif | He said that he had been working here for ten years. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He was told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered? Yes, he had. / No, he had not. |
Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense. Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.
Simple Future Tense| Rumus | Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” + Verb (present form) |
| Kata Sinyal | in a year, next …, tomorrow, next week, five days later |
| Kalimat Positif | He is going to be journalist after he graduate next year. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He will not play computer games anymore because he understand how harmful they are. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Will he go to the cinema tomorrow with us? Yes, he will. / No, he will not. |
Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi. Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses ini.
Baca Juga: Simple Future Tense
Future Continuous Tense| Rumus | Subject + “WILL/BE GOING TO” + “BE” + Verb (continuous form) |
| Kata Sinyal | tomorrow morning, in one year |
| Kalimat Positif | He will be delivering the speech to undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He will not be doing the task in the office this afternoon because he is sick. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Will he be playing football next morning in the playground?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
|
Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.
Baca Juga: Future Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Tense| Rumus | Subject + “WILL HAVE” + Verb III (past participle form) |
| Kata Sinyal | by next Monday, in a week |
| Kalimat Positif | He will have finished the task by next Monday. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He will not have finished the given task by tomorrow evening. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Will he have finished the task in a week?
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
|
Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang sudah berakhir pada waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang akan datang.
| Rumus | Subject + “WILL HAVE BEEN” + Verb-ing (continuous form) |
| Kata Sinyal | for the last couple of hours, all day long |
| Kalimat Positif | He will have been taking charge of the team for the next hour. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He will not have been doing the task for the last couple of hours. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Will he have been doing the research all day long? Yes, he will./ No, he will not. |
Past Future Tense| Rumus | Subject + WOULD + Verb (present form)
Subject + WAS/WERE + GOING TO + Verb (Present Form)
|
| Kata Sinyal | |
| Kalimat Positif | He said that he would leave in three days. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He did not promise that he would buy you a new computer. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Did you tell him when I would arrive? Yes, I did. / No, I did not. |
Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.
Past Future Continuous Tense| Rumus | Subject + “SHOULD/WOULD BE” + Verb-ing (continuous form) |
| Kata Sinyal | |
| Kalimat Positif | I made a promise that I would be doing my homework all day long tomorrow. |
| Kalimat Negatif | I did not tell anyone that I would be giving a speech to undergraduates for the next whole morning. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Did you say that you would be working hard in the next week? Yes, I did / No, I did not. |
Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Past Future Perfect Tense| Rumus | Subject + SHOULD/WOULD HAVE + Verb III (past participle form) |
| Kata Sinyal | |
| Kalimat Positif | He told the students that they should have finished the homework this morning. |
| Kalimat Negatif | He said that he would not have made such a mistake if he had taken my advice. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Did you say that you would have been a doctor in three years? Yes, I did / No, I did not. |
Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk pada waktu yang akan datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai sebelum waktu yang akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense| Rumus | Subject + WOULD HAVE BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form) |
| Kata Sinyal | |
| Kalimat Positif | I heard that you should have been teaching here for ten years by this July. |
| Kalimat Negatif | I did not know that he would have been working for the past three hours by that time. |
| Kalimat Tanya | Would he have been explaining to the workers if he had made the information clear? Yes, he would / No, he would not. |
Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense menekankan pada durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.
Sekarang kamu mengerti 16 tenses dalam bahasa Inggris? Teruslah berlatih agar kamu semakin mahir memahami keenambelas tenses ini.
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